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Psychology Assessing Infants and Young Children - 2086 Words

Assessing Infants and Young Children Since the beginning of psychoanalytic theory and investigation into the psychology of children, scientists and researchers have wondered how best to assess infants and young children in order to determine the intelligent and potential social and emotional level of the child in question. Lev Vygotsky was one of the first sociologists and psychologists exclusively interested in the study of child development and in the exploration over which education techniques would best serve children. Since the publication of his theories in the middle of the 20th century regarding child development and the importance of interaction, many have experimented with assessing the validity of his arguments regarding young children. Researchers have mostly examined his theory on the Zone of Proximal Development and Scaffolding wherein the childs base knowledge is used to determine the next step in their education. Two such investigations were conducted by Julia Chandra in 2008 and G.G. Kravsov in 2010, wherein each person performed a psychological experiment which tested the effectiveness of Vygotskys theories regarding development and his promotion of dynamic assessment. Although Vygotskys theories and methodologies are still useful in the present educational climate, the current aims of education require the modification of some of these principles. For example, education in the modern era is now more concerned with the acquisition of knowledge andShow MoreRelated Developmental Psychology Essay examples918 Words   |  4 Pages Developmental Psychology Attachments in Developments =========================== Developmental psychology is concerned with how our cognitions, emotions and behaviour change as we grow with age and experience. Babies, only a few months old develop close bonds called attachment bonds with some people in particular. These people are able to settle the child, if upset, more easily than others and the baby will become upset if separated from the attachment objectRead MoreEssay about The Importance and Intricacies of Sleep990 Words   |  4 Pagesdrastic change of the baby’s sleeping pattern. Infants do not sleep throughout the night since they have not yet developed a sleep cycle yet (Lampl). Infants sleep from 12-18 hours a day. In a study done to 46 infants it showed that the infant first sixteen weeks of life there was a decrease of the total hours of sleep the infant received per day. When infants sleep it is important to take notice that the non-supine position is a risk for sudden infant death syndrome (Smylie). Sleeping can affectRead MoreSample Undergraduate Psychology Essay1591 Words   |  7 PagesSAMPLE UNDERGRADUATE PSYCHOLOGY ESSAY NB This is not a perfect essay. It was graded at 60% (A 2.1) and the bibliography is missing! Drawing on Freudian and Attachment Theories assess the Relationship between early years experiences and criminality. Psychological theories have attempted to explain the reasons for and how criminality occurs. The psychoanalytic perspective involves two major theories - Freuds theory of the Sexual Stages of Development and the Theory of Attachment purposed by BowlbyRead MoreThe Relationship Between Adult Attachment Classification and Symptoms of Depression1652 Words   |  7 PagesPurpose The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between adult attachment classification and symptoms of depression. By assessing adult attachment classifications in this study it is proposed it will identify individuals at risk to depressive symptoms and help in gaining a better understanding of the types of treatment interventions that may be most effective given an individual’s attachment style. One hundred undergraduate students will complete two online questionnaires eachRead MoreWhat Is Considered too Advanced for Toddlers? Essay1001 Words   |  5 Pagessame education to all children, regardless if they are more advanced than the rest of their peers. The educational material and tools such as toys, books and games that are used in the classrooms to educate children has been predetermined by a board of educators, but what happens when a child is too advanced for the educational tools or materials being used in that grade and when is it appropriate to give the child more advanced educational tools to use? Because some children are more advanced thanRead MoreCelebrities Provide Poor Role Models for Children1044 Words   |  5 PagesCelebrities provide poor role models for children. The purpose of this essay is to discuss celebrity role models and their influence positively or negatively on children. Throughout the world celebrities are role models to many people. Nauta and Kokaly (1999) define role models as â€Å"other person’s who, either by exerting some influence or simply by being admirable in one or more ways, have an impact on another†. In these modern times of excessive media coverage and the easy access of the WorldRead MoreEvidence Based Practice : An Important Aspect Of Many Professions772 Words   |  4 Pagesprofessions, especially ones based in science. Psychologists base their work on the science of psychology and follow a code of ethics, part of that code is competence. The practices used by psychologists need to be based on scientific research that has been peer reviewed. This helps the psychologists avoid making mistakes by using practices that could be harmful or that do not work. Identifying and assessing evidence-based practices before you implement them is very important (USDHHS). It is easyRead MorePsychological Assessment5471 Words à ‚  |  22 PagesEmirates A Discussion on Psychological Assessment in Early Childhood. ASSIGNMENT 03 – PYC4807 – STUDENT NUMBER 30440351 Table of Contents Page 1. Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 2. Reasons for Assessing Young Children†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 3. Tests for Infants and Preschoolers†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3 4 5 4. Factors of Childhood Assessment†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 6 4.1 Characteristics of the Child†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 4.2 Social Context of Assessment†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Read MoreThe Journal Of Traumatic Stress1838 Words   |  8 PagesConnie Shotts CA301 In the Journal of Traumatic Stress, the article â€Å"Stress Among Young Urban Children Exposed to Family Violence and Other Potentially Traumatic Events† by Cindy A. Crusto of Yale University School of Medicine, Melissa L. Whitson of the University of New Haven, Sherry M. Walling of Fresno Pacific University, Richard Feinn of the University of Connecticut Health Sciences Center, Farmington, Stacey R. Friedman of the Foundation for Advancement of International Medical Education andRead MoreCyp 3.2 Promote Young Person and Child Development Essay2129 Words   |  9 PagesCYP 3.2 Promote Young Person and Child Development Be able to assess the development needs of children and young people and prepare a development plan What are the most relevant factors to be aware of when assessing a child or young person’s development? All children and young people are different and have different needs. Similarly, a family’s ability to respond to and meet all their needs may also differ. In some circumstances, professional assessment may be required to identify strengths and

Western Education Romans Free Essays

ED 6000 Philosophical Foundations in Education Beginning Questions ! ? ! ? ! ? ! ? ! ? 2-3 sentence responses foundation of your philosophy paper reflects your current stance/belief 30 minutes keep a copy for your final personal philosophy paper Scriptural Focus Deut. 6:1-9 Now this is the commandment, the statutes and the judgments which the LORD your God has commanded me to teach you, that you might do them in the land where you are going over to possess it, so that you and your son and your grandson might fear the LORD your God, to keep all His statutes and His commandments which I command you, all the days of your life, and that your days may be prolonged. Scriptural Focus Deut. We will write a custom essay sample on Western Education Romans or any similar topic only for you Order Now 6:1-9 Israel, you should listen and be careful to do it, that it may be well with you and that you may multiply greatly, just as the LORD, the God of your fathers, has promised you, in a land flowing with milk and honey. Hear, O Israel! The LORD is our God, the LORD is one! Scriptural Focus Deut. 6:1-9 You shall love the LORD your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your might. These words, which I am commanding you today, shall be on your heart. You shall teach them diligently to your sons and shall talk of them when you sit in your house and when you walk by the way and when you lie down and when you rise up. Scriptural Focus Deut. 6:1-9 You shall bind them as a sign on your hand and they shall be as frontals on your forehead. You shall write them on the doorposts of your house and on your gates. A HISTORY OF WESTERN EDUCATION ! ? Big Ideas: ! ? ! ? ! ? What are the enduring principles that have stood the test of time? To what extent are the principles being applied in today s classrooms? List the big ideas that you have experienced in today s classrooms and or those that should, from your perspective, be a part of current educational practice. A HISTORY OF WESTERN EDUCATION ! ? Hebrews ! ? ! ? longest recorded western history teaching of religion and moral training A HISTORY OF WESTERN EDUCATION ! ? Greeks ! ? ! ? ! ? ! ? ! ? ! ? city-state civilization based on slavery achieve elegant leisure ignity of the citizen letters, music, gymnastics conscripted military service A HISTORY OF WESTERN EDUCATION Romans ! ? ! ? ! ? patricians, plebeians, freed men and slaves piety, courage, honesty, dignity, sobriety A HISTORY OF WESTERN EDUCATION ! ? Christian ! ? ! ? ! ? change of heart attain peace and growth in body, mind, and spirit underground schools ! ? A HISTORY OF WESTERN EDUCA TION Renaissance (New Birth) ! ? ! ? Seven Liberal arts ! ? trivium: grammar, rhetoric, and dialectic or logic ! ? quadrivium: arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, and music Renaissance Man da Vinci ! ? oastfulness, individualism and a resentment toward authority A HISTORY OF WESTERN EDUCATION Reformation (1500-1750) ! ? ! ? ! ? ! ? ! ? ! ? ! ? ! ? ! ? educated class advocated reform Germany-moral indignation England-remove wealth from the church Geneva-strictly theologicals England became largely Protestant back to the basics grammar/spelling Inquisition court of heresy Heliocentrism (Copernicus) A HISTORY OF WESTERN EDUCATION ! ? Jan Amos Comenius (1592-1627) ! ? developmental stages ! ? infant, child, youth, adult ! ? Orbis Pictus 1653-54 – the first picture book for school children A HISTORY OF WESTERN EDUCATION ! ? The purpose of education is that which every gentleman desires for his sons, virtue, wisdom, breeding and learning. I place virtue as the first and most necessary. I put learning last, especially if I tell you I think it the least part. Some Thoughts Concerning Education, p. 147. John Locke (1632-1704) A HISTORY OF WESTERN EDUCATION John Locke (1632-1704) ! ? ! ? Tabula Rasa ! ? There would be no problem, †¦ if the human intellect were even, and like a fair sheet of paper with no writing on it. A HISTORY OF WESTERN EDUCATION United States Old Deluder Satan Act (Massachusetts 1647) ne chief project of the old deluder, Satan, to keep men from a knowledge of the Scriptures, as in former times by keeping them in an unknown tongue, so in these latter times by persuading from the use of tongues†¦ A HISTORY OF WESTERN EDUCATION †¦. it is therefore ordered, that every township in this jurisdiction, after the Lord hath increased their number t o fifty thousand, shall then forthwith appoint one within their town to teach all such children as shall resort to him, to write and read, whose wages shall be paid either by the parents or masters of such children, or by the inhabitants in general. A HISTORY OF WESTERN EDUCATION ! ? Enlightenment Revolution (1750-1830 ! ? Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-78) ! ? Romanticism ! ? Emile ! ? On Education ! ? The Social Contract A HISTORY OF WESTERN EDUCATION ! ? Friedrich Froebel (1782-1852) ! ? ! ? The child will come to understand the world through creative play facilitated by the use of geometric objects (labeled by Froebel as gifts ) in which pure form is dominant. 1840 Pedagogics of the Kindergarten A HISTORY OF WESTERN EDUCATION ! ? Maria Montessori (1870-1952) ! ? 1896 University of Rome s first woman physician graduate ! 1912 Montessori Method: Scientific Pedagogy ! ? If one fails to learn, there is a natural punishment that takes place as a loss of the consciousness of our own power and greatness, which constitute the quality of manhood. A HISTORY OF WESTERN EDUCATION ! ? Maria Montessori (1870-1952) ! ? ! ? ! ? The classroom must be a prepared environment The classroom must always contain stimulating apparatus, objects, toys, and literature in order to capture the child s inner drives to be active. sensitive periods A HISTORY OF WESTERN EDUCATION ! ? John Dewey (1859-1952) ! ? ! ? ! ? ? psychologist, philosopher, educator, social critic and political activist Progressivism moral relativism applied evolutionary theory to ! ? biology ! ? geology ! ? anthropology A HISTORY OF WESTERN EDUCATION ! ? John Dewey (1859-1952) ! ? Morality is learned within a social context by observing appropriate rules, which emerge from shared experience. ! ? Values are defined through use of the scientific method as one selects a choice of action and how it will effect self, others, the community, and the environment. A HISTORY OF WESTERN EDUCATION Catholic Church (1929) ! ? Every method of education founded, wholly or in part, on the denial or forgetfulness of original sin and grace, and relying on the sole powers of human nature, is unsound†¦ A HISTORY OF WESTERN EDUCATION ! ? †¦Such, generally speaking, are those modern systems bearing various names which appeal to a pretended self-government and unrestrained freedom on the part of the child, and which diminish or even suppress the teacher s authority and action, attributing to the child an exclusive primacy of initiative, and an activity independent of any higher law, natural or divine, in the work of his education. Catholic Church (1929) A HISTORY OF WESTERN EDUCATION ! ? Scientific or Logical Positivism (1950-1967) ! ? ! ? ! ? purpose of education national development stand against the threat of communism ! ? U. S. Department of Education ! ? ! ? ! ? President Jackson signed legislation that created the first Department of Education in1867 (non-cabinet level) that lasted less than a year President Charter signed Public Law 96-88 The Department of Education Organization Act in 1979 Reagan established it as a cabinet-level agency in 1981 A HISTORY OF WESTERN EDUCATION ! ? Burrhus Frederic Skinner (1904-1990) ? ! ? ! ? operant behavior teaching machines Beyond Freedom and Dignity A HISTORY OF WESTERN EDUCATION ! ? Multiculturalism Private Schools (1980-1990) ! ? Mortimer Adler (1982) ! ? ! ? ! ? The Paideia Proposal: An Educational Manifesto liberal, non-specialized education without electives or vocational classes three purposes ! ? ! ? ! ? use leisure time well earn their living ethically teac h people to be responsible citizens in a democracy ! ? A Nation at Risk (1983) ! ? ! ? ! ? National Commission of Excellence in Education The Imperative For Educational Reform If an unfriendly foreign power had attempted to impose on America the mediocre educational performance that exists today, we might well have viewed it as an act of war. As it stands, we have allowed this to happen to ourselves†¦ A HISTORY OF WESTERN EDUCATION ! ? †¦We have even squandered the gains in student achievement made in the wake of the Sputnik challenge. Moreover, we have dismantled essential support systems which helped make those gains possible. We have, in effect, been committing an act of unthinking, unilateral educational disarmament. A Nation at Risk (1983) ! ? A Nation at Risk (1983) ? ! ? ! ? ! ? strengthen graduation requirements five new basics: English, mathematics, science, social studies, and computer science adopt higher and measurable standards for academic performance significantly increase time students spend engaged in learning Strengthen the teaching profession through higher standards for preparation and professional growth ! ? A HISTORY OF WEST ERN EDUCATION ! ? Standards (1998-present) ! ? ! ? ! ? ! ? Academic Content Standards for Students No Child Left Behind Academic Performance Indicator (API) scores National Board for Professional Teaching Standards How to cite Western Education Romans, Papers

Sustainability Reporting for Generating Transparency

Question: Discuss about the Sustainability Reporting for Generating Transparency. Answer: Introduction A sustainability reporting is a report of an organization, which provides various data and information regarding the social, environmental, economic and governance performance. Therefore, it can be said that it is important for every firm to prepare sustainability report as it helps to improve the green initiatives of a firm and also assists to determine the relationship of the particular organization with its customers and investors (DesJardins and McCall, 2014). Moreover, this report detects whether the demand of the stakeholders of the firm aligns with the firms objectives or not and transparency as well as accountability is also maintained. In this report, sustainability reporting of two Australian firms i.e. BHP Billiton and Wesfarmers Limited have been analyzed and compared in detail in order to identify the current state of sustainability reporting. Moreover, case study analysis has been performed and finally based on the findings and outcomes, conclusion has been drawn and re commendations have been suggested. Company Background BHP Billiton It is a public company listed in ASX (Australian Securities Exchange) as BHP and is headquartered in Melbourne. It is considered as the largest mining, petroleum and metals firm across the world as per the market value of 2015 and is regarded as the 4th largest firm by revenue in Australia (Bhpbilliton.com, 2017). Wesfarmers Limited It is also a public company listed in ASX as WES, which was established in 1914 and is headquartered in Perth, Australia (Wesfarmers.com.au, 2017). It is a conglomerate industry that deals with chemicals, coal mining, fertilizers, retail, safety and industrial products. This is regarded as the largest company by revenue in 2015 in Australia and it employs around 230000 employees across the world (Wesfarmers.com.au, 2017). Current State of Sustainability Reporting Project Aim The intention of this report is to explore the sustainability reporting of both the firms BHP Billiton and Wesfarmers Limited and to measure it with the objectives of the strategic integration of sustainability. Therefore, this report will help to make the engagement platform between the firms and its stakeholders better and thus the reporting can also be improved. Based on the sustainability governance, the operations of the firms are assessed to understand the process by which both the organizations manage their sustainability (Horngren et al., 2013). The present sustainability of both the corporations will be studied and analyzed based on four aspects of governance of sustainability. These include communication, commitment, leadership and implementation. Moreover, the score of these four aspects i.e. the rating like below average, average and above average will help to analyze the present situation of the firms regarding its sustainability reporting. Additionally, it can be said that these ratings will also help to conclude the present state of sustainability reporting of the organizations and will also assist to recommend the firms regarding this. Case Study Analysis: BHP Billiton and Wesfarmers Limited BHP Billiton According to the sustainability reporting of the firm for the year 2016, it has been found that the value of the business involves integrity, accountability, performance, respect, simplicity and sustainability. BHP Billiton develops and bears social, environmental and economic value. From detailed analysis, it has been found that these values serve the firm with various competitive advantages. Moreover, the sustainability framework of the organization includes risk management as well as sustainable development and these way out the process by which the investment policy is implemented within the local communities and host country. As per Deegan (2013), the sustainability report of the particular firm is directly associated with the operated assets. The specified organizations shares stewardship regarding the environment, monetary development and local cultures. The sustainability governance is greatly operated by the firms rules, which are linked to environmental, safety, community a nd health impacts. BHP Billiton founds to comply with the rules, regulations and policies of the country, where the business is operated. In the particular organization, the OMC (Operations Management Committee) are responsible for taking main decision about the sustainability governance (Edwards, 2013). The sustainability governance and its maintenance is considered as an important factor as for daily operations and management of the corporation. It has been found that BHP Billiton is inhabited by the formal governance structure and technological exchanges. BHP Billitons sustainability framework gets priority to the determination and management of the material risks, which are incorporated in various business processes, functions and actions. Internal auditing appraises the design as well as operational effectiveness of the firms sustainability procedure yearly and these procedures are HSEC data and HSEC data (Henderson et al., 2015). These assess the firms sustainability reporting . However, BHP Billiton, has different objectives of sustainable development and from the following screenshot this can be better understood: According to the sustainability report of the firm for the year 2016, the particular organization continues to develop values for future actions. On the other hand, the firm assigns the management of the community and the environmental influence proactively. This can be differentiated into people, sourcing, community, environment and governance. The firm creates value for its investors, staffs and communities. Wesfarmers believe in value creation (especially, the long-term) and provides it to the communities in an accurate way. Moreover, the firm commits to minimize its carbon footprint and intends to deliver possible solutions through the process of helping the clients as well as the entire community (Bebbington and Larrinaga, 2014). Therefore, this aids in developing the performance of the firm to a large extent. Moreover, the firm has developed transparency in its operations, particularly in the field of supply chain management. It has been found that the particular corporation m ainly focuses on the ethical sources, such as transparency in the supply chain. Additionally, this strengthens the association with the suppliers of the firm by making sure the operational actions of the firm. Furthermore, the corporation intends to reduce the emission of greenhouse gases by about 2 % in future (Hribar, Kravet and Wilson, 2014). Findings and Results BHP Billiton Based on the detailed study of the sustainability report of BHP Billiton for the year 2016, it has been found that there are various issues regarding material sustainability in the firm. In addition to these, the intention of the corporation is to detect and retort all problems of material sustainability in order to deliver the strategies of the organization efficiently. BHP Billiton is currently striving for managing its accountability towards the employees safety. In addition to these, the firm targeted to develop its overall recordable grievance incidence on an annual basis (Christensen et al., 2015). However, from detailed study, it can be said that the improvement rate is minor for the firm. BHP Billiton targeted to donate 1 % of the total pre-tax profits to the local as well as national economies and community programs (Morales, 2017). However, from the report, it can be said that the percentage of profit of the corporation started to decline constantly. Moreover, the firm aime d to deduce and control the emission of greenhouse gases from the operations and regulations of the corporation, but the firm failed to maintain it in the earlier year. Furthermore, the organization has not performed any kind of important events regarding saving of society, environment and ecosystem on an annual basis. Additionally, BHP Billiton has not performed any significant events about community, therefore, the particular corporation should put much emphasis on the wellbeing of society, community and environment for the betterment of the business operation with the aim to run it successfully. Wesfarmers Limited The sustainability report of the firm for the year 2016 reveals that despite of enormous effort regarding development of this report and constant work on decrease in waste removal and water usage, Wesfarmers finds it hard to control, obtain and maintain business growth. It has been found that the management department of the organization Wesfarmers Limited is entrusted to proactively control and manage the overall society for influencing the environment. The operations of the firm are mainly concerned and adhered to ten various principles, which can be linked to the issues of company sustainability. Moreover, these can be distinguished as material aspects for the overall group. Nonetheless, it has been found that the management department of Wesfarmers persistently flourish to provide a safer work environment for its employees by enhancing the magnitude of safety presentation and to consider proposals for decreasing the numbers of damages within the corporation (Hoyle, Schaefer and D oupnik, 2015). However, the assessment of Wesfarmers sustainability reporting is concerned with the divulgement of the fact that it might improve the safety program and safety performance. Conclusion Based on the above study, it can be can be said that this study assists to gain an overall view about various theories and concepts of governance of sustainability with particular direction to the pronouncement of BHP Billiton and Wesfarmers Limited. The study gives an overall outlook of several theories of sustainability reporting and the significance of the observance with the commands that are led down as per the standards of accounting. Moreover, the significance of sustainability reporting has been explained in detail through the help of case study analysis of both the corporations. In addition to this, it can be said that this particular analysis illustrates the need and importance of preparing sustainability reporting in detail for both the organizations and have also been compared accurately for better understanding. Lastly, it can be said that this report helps in addressing various problems in the company operation depending on all the findings and outcomes of the case stud y. References Bebbington, J. and Larrinaga, C., 2014. Accounting and sustainable development: An exploration.Accounting, Organizations and Society,39(6), pp.395-413. BHP Billiton | A leading global resources company. 2017. BHP Billiton. Retrieved 3 January 2017, from https://www.bhpbilliton.com Christensen, H.B., Lee, E., Walker, M. and Zeng, C., 2015. Incentives or standards: What determines accounting quality changes around IFRS adoption?.European Accounting Review,24(1), pp.31-61. Deegan, C., 2013.Financial accounting theory. McGraw-Hill Education Australia. DesJardins, J.R. and McCall, J.J., 2014.Contemporary issues in business ethics. Cengage Learning. Edwards, J.R., 2013.A History of Financial Accounting (RLE Accounting)(Vol. 29). Routledge. Henderson, S., Peirson, G., Herbohn, K. and Howieson, B., 2015.Issues in financial accounting. Pearson Higher Education AU. Horngren, C.T., Sundem, G.L., Schatzberg, J.O. and Burgstahler, D., 2013.Introduction to management accounting. Pearson Higher Ed. Hoyle, J.B., Schaefer, T. and Doupnik, T., 2015.Advanced accounting. McGraw Hill. Hribar, P., Kravet, T. and Wilson, R., 2014. A new measure of accounting quality.Review of Accounting Studies,19(1), pp.506-538. Morales, M.P.E., 2017. Important Announcement.EURASIA Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education,13(5), pp.1377-1409. Sustainability.wesfarmers.com.au. 2017. 2015.sustainability.wesfarmers.com.au. Retrieved 3 January 2017, from https://2015.sustainability.wesfarmers.com.au